On 16 July 2025, the European Commission presented its proposal for the next Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF), which will run from 2028 to 2034. Climate and environmental themes have been heavily restructured compared to the previous (2014-2020) and current (2021-2027) MFF cycles. Climate and environmental themes are currently represented by a variety of specific and…
This project supported the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) and the ENACT Partnership in the development of the Nature‑based Solutions (NbS) Accelerator Pathways Report, a flagship publication aimed at accelerating the global uptake of NbS to address climate change, biodiversity loss and land degradation. The project brought together evidence from existing research, insights…
This is an annual World Bank flagship report. It covers the global state and trends of carbon pricing including carbon pricing mechanisms and carbon markets, including Article 6 of the Paris Agreements. The report is aimed at providing an up-to-date overview of existing and emerging carbon pricing instruments around the world, including international, national, and…
This study supports the revision of Article 9 of Regulation (EU) 2019/943 by assessing measures to enhance the ability of market participants to hedge price risks in the EU internal electricity market. It provides a comprehensive overview of the current functioning, liquidity, and expected evolution of forward electricity markets within and across EU bidding zones,…
Annually, at least 9 MtCO2 of embedded emissions in chemical and plastic products are imported into the Netherlands from outside the EU every year. On 22 June 2022, the European Parliament adopted amendments to the Commission’s proposal for the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) to include organic chemicals, hydrogen, ammonia and plastics. In addition, on…
The project supports the Preparatory Study and potentially the Impact Assessment of the Delegated Act setting ecodesign requirements for tyres. The Preparatory Study follows the updated MEErP methodology in 7 steps: (1) Scope; (2) Markets; (3) Users; (4) Technologies; (5) Life-Cycle Assessment of environmental impacts and Life-Cycle Costing; (6) Design Options; (7) Policy Options. The…
This study analyses the expected impact of the package of fiscal measures on waste incinerators and the existing waste management infrastructure in the Netherlands. The measures are centred around the reform of the waste disposal tax (NL: afvalstoffenbelasting − ASB) and the CO2 levy on waste incinerators. The goals of the fiscal measures are twofold:…
“Luxembourg has committed to achieving climate neutrality by 2050 and pledged EUR 220 million in international climate finance (ICF) between 2021 and 2025, making it one of the largest donors per capita globally. This contribution is additional to its 1% GNI official development assistance (ODA) commitment and reflects Luxembourg’s dual focus on both climate ambition and…
Blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), including salt marshes and seagrass beds, are vital for climate change mitigation, sequestering carbon at rates much higher than terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their significance, BCEs are increasingly threatened by both natural and human-induced pressures. This study aimed to advance understanding of blue carbon in the EU, focusing on greenhouse gas (GHG)…
Spain has an ambitious agenda with regards to improving their management framework for the efficient spending of the green components of the Recovery and Resilience Plan (RRP). Reviving economic activity is a high priority, so developing a comprehensive framework for designing and efficiently managing the resources becomes the building block for all the planning activity.…
The ‘Fishers of the Future’ foresight study was an EU-wide participatory project launched by the European Commission to examine the future role of fishers in society up to 2050. It ran from October 2023 to December 2024, and looked into fishers’ hopes, fears, expectations and needs, to understand how the profession is likely to evolve…
The aim of this study is to support the Commission in identifying products further down the value chain of the goods listed in Annex I to which the CBAM should potentially also apply as per Article 30(3) of the CBAM Regulation, and in developing the necessary requirements and rules to extend CBAM to these downstream…
The aim of this study is to support the Commission in identifying products other than the ones listed in Annex I to which the CBAM should potentially also apply as well. The study also looks at the possibility to extend the CBAM to transport emissions associated with import of goods covered under the CBAM. This…
This study for F4E provided a socio-economic and broader assessment of the impact of F4E spending in the most recent years. Updating and building upon earlier studies in 2017 (by Trinomics) and 2019. The study was led by CSIL, with Trinomics and Cambridge Econometrics providing significant support to the research and analysis. The work used…
The Dutch SDE++ (Stimulation of Sustainable Energy Production and Climate Transition) is a technology-neutral subsidy scheme designed to accelerate CO₂ reduction by supporting renewable energy and low-carbon technology projects, including heat production. While SDE++ has been effective for scaling up renewable electricity, its impact on sustainable heat has been more limited. One of the main…
This study aimed to provide expert advice to the Flemish utilities regulator (Vlaamse Nutsregulator – VNR) on the future development and regulation of the gas distribution grid. Trinomics and DNV first identified and evaluated possible scenarios and options for the future use, repurposing and decommissioning of the natural gas grid in Flanders from an energy,…
Achieving a sustainable society requires transformative shifts in how we produce and consume, particularly in response to urgent challenges like food security, water pollution, and climate change. Algae – both macro- and microalgae – offer significant potential to address these issues through diverse products and valuable ecosystem services. Despite a growing demand, the algae…
The project aims to strengthen the institutional capacity of Polish coal regions to achieve a climate-neutral economy by developing action plans and handbooks on post-mining asset transfers, energy transition, socio-economic activation of women and youth, and stakeholder involve,ent. Deliverable 3 focused on the case of Western Malopolska to support the region’s shift to renewables. It…
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The study evaluated the need, added value, and feasibility of revising the current EU legislative framework on illegal wildlife trade, specifically to address the criminalisation of trade involving wildlife that is taken or harvested in violation of the laws of the country of origin, as in the case of the U.S. Lacey Act. The study…
The objective of this assignment was to support CREG in fulfilling its mandate regarding the regulation of the hydrogen sector in Belgium by: 1. Provide an overview of the market dynamics (national strategies, specific support measures and market developments) and existing and planned provisions in the regulatory framework for hydrogen transport by pipelines in France,…
The EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2030 acknowledges that, despite substantial EU- efforts to better measure the full value of biodiversity and ecosystems for European socio-economic development, and better integrate this value into decision-making at all levels, further action is needed. EU Member States and -Parliament endorsed in the Strategy a renewed action to ‘Develop methods,…
Providing support to DG CLIMA to craft policy options for pricing agricultural emissions and rewarding climate action in the Agri-food Value Chain
In the context of the accelerated need for climate and energy transition macroeconomic models GEM-E3 and E3ME as an integral part of Impact Assessments (Ias) are becoming even more important. This project delivers on 3 objectives: Assessment of socio-economic impacts of the transition to climate neutrality; Assessment of total climate adaptation investment needs across Member…
To achieve the 2030 climate targets adopted in the European Climate Law, the European Union (EU) has committed to strengthening the EU Emissions Trading System (EU ETS) by expanding emissions trading to new sectors, including the building and road transport sectors. This expanded system, known as “ETS2” (Revised ETS Directive), will begin in 2027. To…
The objective of this contract is to conduct a comprehensive review and benchmark study of public real estate energy renovation across Europe, and to support the beneficiaries in improving the energy performance of state buildings in France and in the Netherlands. The study is scheduled to run from October 2023 to December 2024. The project…
The project aims to support the European Commission’s efforts in promoting global cohesion and alignment on sustainable finance, facilitating the green transition. The IPSF provides a platform for supporting emerging markets ensuring inclusive growth and addressing global challenges in a unified manner. The project will support the European Commission’s collaboration with other jurisdictions by enhancing…
The project addresses key priorities and challenges in energy efficiency in building renovation globally. It seeks to facilitate discussions on pressing issues, share valuable lessons learned, and develop new policies and programs. The focus is on enhancing the implementation of energy efficiency measures in buildings for a more sustainable future. The specific objectives include identifying…
The study (i) maps the number of SMEs per sector that are directly or indirectly might fall within the scope of the Taxonomy Regulation, (ii) assesses the costs and benefits of Taxonomy alignment dislosures by SMEs, (iii) identifies those technical screening criteria that are particularly costly and burdensome, (iv) provides simplification options on how the…
Europe’s climate goals are both very necessary as well as very ambitious. In this study we analyse the possible contribution of ‘demand side measures’ to achieve these goals. Demand side measures can develop low-carbon markets as an enabler of industrial decarbonisation in Europe. The primary objective of this project was to investigate the options for…
This study aims to assist the Commission’s policy initiatives by improving the base of evidence around the evolution and drivers of energy prices and costs. The EC is committed to present an analysis of the prices and costs of energy every two years. This study represents a major input to the sixth energy prices and…
This study considers the administrative burdens for business and public authorities, and suggestions to reduce these burdens, associated with the legislation under the control of DG Environment. The project is part of the efforts of DG Environment associated with achieving the priorities set out in the Commission’s Competitiveness Compass, particularly the commitment to reduce the…
Concerns over the health and environmental impacts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) have been growing in the 21st century. Until now, there have been limited resources devoted to placing a monetary value on these impacts, which could help public authorities and society understand the scale of the problem in a tangible way. A key…
Technical assistance for the support in the negotiations and the development of the guidelines for the implementation of the EED recast The objective of this project was to support the European Commission in the negotiations and the development of the guidelines for the implementation of the EED recast, in particular Articles 2, 3, 4, 11,…
In this study, Trinomics supported the European Commission, in partnership with Guidehouse, Ricardo and Öko-Institut, with the revision and impact assessment of the Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) in order to achieve the goals set out in the Renovation Wave Strategy, in line with the European Green Deal. This study specifically provides the…
This study provided a gap analysis of EU policies aimed at: – Increasing energy efficiency in industry, – Increasing the ability of the electricity grid to absorb large increases in renewables, – Expanding the energy efficiency potential of the Renovation Wave. There are links to the proposed Fit for 55 package for all three topics.
The primary objective of this project is to develop a guidance document aimed at assisting countries in enhancing the integration of CE principles and activities within their NDCs to combat climate change effectively and adapt to its impacts. The project is motivated by the fact that many NDCs currently have limited CE components, mainly focusing…
Trinomics led a consortium of consultants including local parterns Stratos, IRCEM and independent experts to i) develop the National Strategy for Circular Economy (CE) for Romania and its Action Plan, ii) to provide guidance regarding the setup of a governance and monitoring and evaluation framework to ensure implementation, and iii) organize a series of trainings…
This study provided technical support in the European Commission’s latest (2022) revision of the primary energy factors (PEFs) of energy carriers, as required by the Energy Efficiency Directive. A significant reduction in primary energy use is part of the EU’s flagship energy policy targets, and the accuracy of conversion factors, like the PEF itself, play…
Although philanthropies offer diverse resources to support climate action, climate funding accounts for under 2% of the global philanthropic funding. Against this background, the foundation Active Philanthropy has been built to provide philanthropies with tools and resources that help them entering climate action. Active Philanthropy uses different channels to support foundations in their integration of…
The aim was to provide support to 15 Member States on the identification of suitable investments and reforms and the preparation of a national action plan for decreasing the dependency on fossil fuels from Russia by 2030 in the context of the Recovery and Resilience Plans. The work carried out under this technical support project…
The European Commission, DG GROW and CLIMA, mandated Trinomics, TNO and VITO to develop a tool enabling the quantitative assessment of the impacts of Circular Economy measures on the mitigation of, and the adaptation to, climate change. The methodology consisted in: (1) creating a complete list of Circular Economy measures, applicable to any economic sector;…
The transition to a more circular economy has an significant potential to contribute to climate change mitigation efforts. Uder the circular economy paradigm, materials and products are used more efficiently and waste generation is minimized, which could reduce energy consumption and GHG emissions. In this study for the Environmental Defense Fund Europe, we developed a…
In this study Trinomics, in cooperation with technical experts in the fusion field, mapped both public and private fusion initiatives globally; made a high-level assessment of the challenges and opportunities for the main fusion approaches and initiatives; analyzed the targeted and likely timescales of each approach towards fusion energy; assessed public-private cooperation, funding, staffing, regulation…
EU Nature Restoration Law In 2024, it is expected that one of the most significant pieces of environmental legislation in recent times will be adopted by the EU- the Nature Restoration Law (NRL). The NRL is the first-ever time-bound legislation that explicitly targets the restoration of Europe’s nature, to repair the 80% of European habitats…
Study for methodological framework and assessment of potential financial risks associated with biodiversity loss and ecosystem degradation Biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse are one of the biggest threats facing humanity in the next decade. An important driver of global decline of biodiversity is the unsustainable use of nature’s resources emanating from political and economic decisions…
